Partial mash brewing
A partial mash, also called a mini-mash, is a hybrid between kit or extract brewing, and full mash brewing. A can of concentrate or malt extract is used, and extra fermentable sugars are added by mashing grain to convert the starches to sugar. Hops are often added to supplement the hops in the can of concentrate. Of course, if unhopped extract is used then hops must be added.
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Sparging techniques
Sparging is the rinsing of the grain at the end of the mash to remove the last of the sweet wort.
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Water
The attributes of the water used in brewing, not just its cleanliness, are very important when making beer. For example, the quality of ales brewed in Burton-on-Trent in England is largely due to the local water. Likewise, the magnificent pilsners that come from the Czech Republic would not be possible without its water source. “Hard” water, which is high in dissolved salts, is regarded as best for brewing ales, while “soft” water, which has fewer salts, is generally best suited to lagers.
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